이름:	수능특강 영어영역 영어 Part 1 유형편 10강 어휘 적절성 파악

10강  어휘 적절성 파악

Preface

어휘 실력뿐만 아니라 전체적인 글의 흐름, 핵심 아이디어를 파악해야 하는 유형이 바로 어휘 적절성 파악입니다. 분위기, 심경을 맞추는 유형에서 보기의 단어를 모르면 맞추기 어려운 것과 마찬가지로 어휘 적절성 파악 유형에서 보기의 단어를 모르면 맞추기가 어렵습니다. 하지만 보기의 단어를 모른다고 하여 그냥 버리는 것은 현명한 판단이 아닙니다. 보기의 단어를 거의 모르면 일단 넘어가고 시간이 남았을 때 풉니다. 이 때 단어를 보면 대충 긍정적인 뜻인지, 부정적인 뜻인지 느낌이 옵니다. 이 느낌만 가지고도 정답을 맞을 확률이 올라가므로 그냥 모르니까 찍지 마시기 바랍니다.

어휘 적절성 파악 유형은 어법과 마찬가지로 두 가지 유형이 있습니다. (A), (B), (C)로 주는 것과 ①∼⑤으로 주는 것이 있습니다. (A), (B), (C)로 주는 유형에서 알아야 할 것은 (A), (B), (C)의 각각 두 가지 단어들이 거의 반대되는 뜻을 가진 단어라는 점입니다.

e.g. (A)  stupid / clever

따라서 여러분이 ‘clever’의 뜻을 몰라도 ‘stupid’를 알면 유추가 가능하다는 뜻입니다. 끊임없이 유의어와 반의어를 찾아서 공부하라고 하는 이유가 또 이 유형에 대비하기 위함도 있습니다. 이 유형을 많이 풀다보면 여러분이 공부하는 단어들 중에 ‘어? 이 단어는 어휘 적절성 문제에 보기로 나올 것 같은데?’라는 감이 생기게 됩니다. 반대로 말하자면, 어휘 적절성 문제의 보기로 나오는 단어들은 꼭! 알아야 되는 단어가 되겠죠?

Strategies

Sometimes the awareness that one is distrusted can provide the necessary incentive for self-reflection. An employee who realizes she isn’t being trusted by her co-workers with shared responsibilities at work might, upon reflection, identify areas where she has consistently let others down or failed to follow through on previous commitments. Others’ distrust of her might then motivate her to perform her share of the duties in a way that makes her more worthy of their trust. But distrust of one who is sincere in her efforts to be a trustworthy and dependable person can be disorienting and might cause her to doubt her own perceptions and to distrust herself. Consider, for instance, a teenager whose parents are suspicious and distrustful when she goes out at night; even if she has been forthright about her plans and is not breaking any agreed-upon rules, her identity as a respectable moral subject is undermined by a pervasive parental attitude that expects deceit and betrayal.

* forthright 솔직한, 거리낌 없는 ** pervasive 널리 스며 있는

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]

Yale psychologist Irving Janis showed that just about every group develops an agreed- upon view of things — a consensus reality, the “PC” or politically correct view. Any evidence to the contrary is automatically rejected without consideration, often ridiculed, and may lead to exclusion of the person presenting the un-PC data. So group members are careful not to rock the boat by disagreeing with the consensus — doing so can seriously damage their standing. In his classic book, Groupthink, Janis explained how panels of experts made enormous mistakes. People on the panels, he said, worry about their personal relevance and effectiveness, and feel that if they deviate too far from the consensus, they will not be taken seriously. People compete for stature, and the ideas often just tag along. Groupthink causes groups to get locked into their course of action, unable to explore alternatives, because no one questions the established course. The more cohesive the group, the greater the urge of the group members to avoid creating any discord.

* stature 위상, 지명도

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]

The temperature of 54°F appears to be a magic threshold for several species. For example, at the height of summer, billowing meadows full of grasses and herbs are the habitat for grasshoppers and crickets, which provide an orchestral backdrop with their chirping. However, this soundscape is by no means constant. Because to really make a decent sound, the air temperature must be at least 54°F. If it is cooler, you’ll barely hear a squeak from these tiny musicians. As cold-blooded creatures, grasshoppers can’t regulate their own body temperature, and only really get going when it’s warm enough. Their body movements become faster with rising temperatures, resulting in ever more rapid vibrations of the legs and wings, which produce the chirping sound, depending on the type. This also changes the frequency of the tone produced: the warmer it is, the higher the pitch.

* threshold 문턱, 한계점 ** billow 물결치다 *** chirp 찍찍거리다

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]

In America we have developed the Corporation Man. His life, his family, and his future lie with his corporation. His training, his social life, the kind of car he drives, the clothes he and his wife wear, the neighborhood he lives in, and the kind and cost of his house and furniture are all dictated by his corporate status. His position in the pyramid of management is exactly defined by the size of his salary and bonuses. The pressures toward conformity are subtle but irresistible, for his position and his hopes for promotion are keyed to performance of duties, activities, and even attitudes which make the corporation successful. In the areas of management, sales, and public relations, the position of the corporation man is secure only from one stockholders’ meeting to the next; a successful rebellion there may sweep out whole cadres of earnest men and replace them with others.

* cadre 간부, 핵심그룹

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]

Unfortunately, there are some social scientists who refuse to admit the limitations of their field of study. They push hard to make social science imitate physical science. This is usually done by the use of all sorts of numbers, tables, charts, and graphs in order to give the impression of a profound quantification of the subject matter. Now, as a matter of fact, some things can be quantified and some things cannot. We cannot really quantify prejudice or love, for instance. When all is said and done, such attempted quantification is in vain. What is often forgotten, even in the physical sciences, is that science is not primarily a matter of quantification. The use of mathematical techniques is not an end in itself but only a means to an end, namely, the discovery of what’s true about the material world. The use of numbers is one way to be more precise in our effort to rationally understand causes.

* quantification 수량화

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]

Culture consists of the linked stock of ideas that define a set of commonsense beliefs about what is right, what is natural, what works. These commonsense beliefs are not universal, but are instead typically bounded by time as well as by space. Today’s orthodoxy may be the heterodoxy of yesterday and tomorrow. Although cultural change is not usually perceptible from day to day, when we look over a longer time span it becomes apparent that even the most fundamental assumptions about morality and the standards by which quality of life should be evaluated are subject to change. In his 1972 paper, Anthony Downs offers a vivid illustration of the extent of cultural change with his observation that “One hundred years ago, white Americans were eliminating whole Indian tribes without a blink. Today, many serious-minded citizens seek to make important issues out of the potential disappearance whooping crane, the timber wolf, and other exotic creatures.”

*orthodoxy 정설, 통설 **heterodoxy 이설, 비정통적 학설

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]

There is the question of the innate musicality of humans. We know that all normal humans inherit the ability to learn language	— it is somehow “hardwired” in the human brain — but whether the same is true of music, whether all humans are basically musical is not clear, in part because cultures differ so much in their conception of “singing.” Yet it seems likely that all humans can learn to sing minimally, to beat rhythms accurately, and to recognize simple pieces. Not all can attain professional proficiency; but then, although all humans can learn to speak, not all can become great orators. The world’s societies differ in the degree to which they encourage individuals to participate in music. In some rural societies, most people are considered about equally good at singing. and everyone participates in music-making at public events. In many urban societies, musical participation is largely limited to listening to live music and even more to recordings, whereas performance is left to professionals.

* orator 연설가

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]

Graham Allison intriguingly laid out his ideas about the Thucydides Trap, tensions between an established power and a rising one, in an essay for The Atlantic. As part of the Thucydides Trap Project, a team under Allison’s direction examined sixteen cases where a rising power challenged an established one and determined the outcome of such challenges. The results are disturbing. Fourteen out of sixteen cases resulted in war. The worrying factor, according to Allison, is the fact that normal events or ‘standard crises’ that can otherwise be resolved, nevertheless trigger war. In the case of Athens and Sparta, it was the actions of smaller allies that drew them closer to war. This can easily happen in East Asia. Both Taiwan and Japan have the potential to draw the US closer to war with China. Arguably, the US’s allies might play a bigger role in the Thucydides Trap than fear of a rising power. This results in a situation where a great deal of effort is required to escape the Thucydides Trap.

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]

Mummification in Ancient Egypt was developed in response to a gradual change in the burial preferences of its deceased. The artificial preservation of bodies, both human and animal, was practised in Egypt from about 2686 BC until the beginning of the Christian era. The earliest Egyptians were buried in the sand, typically in the foetal position to reduce the size of the hole

that would need to be dug, and the hot, dry climate would dehydrate the body. The physical features of the body would be retained and this lifelike appearance of the corpse may have supported the belief of an afterlife. As burial practices became more sophisticated, with the construction of elaborate tombs and monuments to the dead, the bodies of the deceased were no longer buried in the desert sand. However, as belief in the afterlife and rebirth was fundamental to Egyptian burial practices, mummification was developed to artificially preserve the body in readiness for the journey to the underworld and to be judged by Osiris.

* the deceased 고인(故人) ** foetal 태아의

1. 복잡한 구조로 되어 있는 문장은 슬래시(/)나 덩어리 짓기를 이용해 나눠봅시다.

2. 직역했을 때 잘 이해되지 않는 구문을 자연스러운 우리말로 고쳐보거나, 예시를 들어서 이해봅시다.

3. 몰랐던 단어들을 가지고 마인드맵(가지치기)을 그려봅시다.

[명사형-동사형-형용사형-부사형 / 유의어, 반의어 / 예문 만들기 / 자주 같이 쓰이는 단어]